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Normal fire service radio telecommunications may be rendered ineffective when operating in below ground environments and infrastructure. Fire and rescue services should take care when accepting ...

A below ground structure is either partially or fully under the ground, or under another type of covering, such as concrete. Incidents in these types of structures may present significant hazards for ...

Above ground structures in the built environment can be divided into the following classes: Framed and unframed buildings (not included in this section of guidance; refer to Fires in buildings â...

It is not possible to provide a comprehensive list of confined spaces. Some spaces may become confined when work is carried out, or during their construction, fabrication or subsequent modificat...

The fire and rescue service may be called specifically to deal with uncontrolled or unstable explosive materials (for example, a road traffic collision involving a vehicle carrying explosives), or the...

The term munitions includes: Firearms and other military weapons Ammunition, such as shells, cartridges or bullets There is the potential for fire and rescue service personnel to encoun...

Some industries use the word ‘plant’ to indicate specialist equipment, machinery or industrial premises. For the purposes of this guidance, the word ‘plant’ has purposely been avoided and is r...

Some industries use the word ‘plant’ to indicate specialist equipment, machinery or industrial premises. For the purposes of this guidance, the word ‘plant’ has purposely been avoided and is r...

This section contains generic control measures that should be applied when dealing with any incident in an industrial site, whatever the context, size or complexity. There are many types of working e...

Hydrology is the science concerned with the properties of water, and especially its movement in relation to land. The study of water movement and its behaviour relating to the topography, allows pers...

The hazards presented by vehicle safety systems include: Heat from vehicle components Physical injury from fast-moving vehicle components Noise from deployment of safety systems Skin irr...

The term ‘alternative fuel vehicles’ (AFV) refers to vehicles powered by fuels other than petrol or diesel. The hazards and control measures for incidents involving AFVs should be considered in...

The official name for detonators is ‘signal, railway track, explosive’. They were previously referred to ‘fog signals’ or ‘railway for signals’. Detonators are small explosive devices use...

The term aircraft includes: Fixed-wing Rotary-wing such as helicopters and autogyros Hot air balloons Airships Gliders Unmanned aircraft systems (known as drones) Microlights ...

Compressed air (pneumatic) systems found in modes of transport include: Compressed air brake systems Air suspension systems Door operations Provision of engine functions such as: Dr...

When dealing with any fire in buildings under construction or demolition, whatever its size or complexity, the generic control measures for this hazard and the control measures found in Fires in buil...

General The utility industry uses pipelines extensively to transport products around their sites and for distribution around the UK. Pipelines are considered a safe mode of transport for conveying ha...

This section contains generic control measures that may be appropriate when dealing with any incident involving animals, whatever the species, size or location. Animal instinct and behaviour Whe...

There are many reasons why incidents involving water may put people at risk. It may be because flooding has caused a dramatic rise in normal water levels, which have affected structures, or it may be ...

Initial stages of an attack Attacks are usually intended to cause confusion, fear and maximum destruction. It may take some time to confirm that the incident is a determined attack or the numbers o...